Bulletin 35 Appendix I: S. Crowe Academic Endnotes.

by Sarah Crowe

Appendix I: S. Crowe Academic Endnotes

  1. Tewkesbury Voices is a group set up in 2024 to explore the links between the Town and Transatlantic Slavery – its guiding motto is “Retain and Explain” [https://tewkesburyvoices.com/]
  2. University of Gloucester: https://tewkesburyvoices.com/legacies-of-slavery-in-tewkesbury/
  3. This gravestone is in line with the S.W. end of St. Faith's Chapel, and south of the previous one south of it:
  4. ‘Tewkesbury Universal British Directory 1791’, <LINK> James Bennett, The History of Tewkesbury, Transcription by Rosemary Lockie, 2015, <LINK>
  5. Centre for the Study of the Legacies of British Slavery <LINK>. and ‘Fowke and Jones of Tewkesbury Solicitors, c. 1795-1850 Gloucestershire Archives, D1735.
  6. James Bennett, The History of Tewkesbury, Transcription by Rosemary Lockie, 2015, <LINK>
  7. ‘Deerhurst Manor’, GA, D7 <LINK> . The Court Rolls of the Manor of Prestbury show that in 1786 Henry Fowkes deputised for Neast Havard and in 1787 he became the new Steward. Neast Havard of Tewkesbury was one of the attorneys of H.M. Court of Common Pleas at Westminster.
  8. Norman J. Baker and Michelle Rees, The Court Rolls of the Manor of Prestbury Gloucestershire, 1726-1871, <LINK>, p 12
  9. ‘Newent – Manors and Estates, see website
  10. Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fowke, John, <LINK>
  11. Above;  ‘By virtue of two decrees made by Lord-keeper Coventry, on 21 Nov. 1631 and 9 June 1635, the East India Company had detained Fowke's ‘’adventures in their hands, by him alleged to be sixteen hundred pounds in their second joint stock, and twenty-one hundred pounds more in three of their voyages.’’ Fowke, therefore, petitioned the lords, 8 July 1646, to have these decrees reversed. On 6 May 1647 judgment was given in his favour. He obtained full restitution, with interest, and 100l. costs (Lords' Journals, vols. viii. ix.)’.
  12. ’The Most Interesting Man in Civil War London’, John Fowke Studies, <LINK>
  13. Maxwell-Gumbleton Papers, <LINK>
  14. Gumbleton Residences: Twyning Manor [photo], <LINK>
  15. ‘Marriage license allegation for Henry Fowke, of Tewkesbury, esquire, ‘batchelor’, aged 25, and Jane Charlotte Maxwell of Twinning, spinster, aged 21, 26 Apr 1794, 1794’, GA, GDR/Q3/81 <LINK>
  16. Gloucester Journal, 9 July 1770, p. 1 <LINK>
  17. Ipswich Journal, 16 November 1771, p. <LINK>. This is a very detailed and revealing article regarding the plight of enslaved people and how negatively they were reported on in the press. An area called ‘Barbadoes Bay’ on Tobago is also mentioned in this report. History of British rule in Tobago: Tobago, 1788,    Comantee definition:  Here is a typical example of an advertisement for slaves for sale at this time, to demonstrate they were thought of as just another ‘commodity’: Barbados Mercury, 1 March 1788, p. 2, <LINK>
  18. An ‘s’ was often incorrectly added onto his surname, for example see website
  19. ‘The Plantation System of the West Indies’, The Saint Lauretia Project, <LINK>
  20. 20. Caledonian Mercury, 13 November 1771, p. 1, <LINK>, and Derby Mercury, 13 November 1771, p. 3, <LINK>.
  21. ‘Henry Fowke’, UCL, Centre for the Study of the Legacies <https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/person/view/2146634580.
  22.  Henry Whitaker deserves more research [Editor]
  23. Barbados Mercury, 24 & 31 July 1784, p. 2 <LINK>
  24. Barbados Mercury, 20 & 25 September 1784, p. 2 <LINK>. The land of Thomas P Fowke, deceased, was being sold in an advert in the Mercury on 23/1/1808 Barbados Mercury, 23 January 1808, p. 2 <LINK>
  25. ‘The Great Hurricane of 1780s track’, Atlantic Oceanographic and meteorological Laboratory, <LINK>
  26. Gloucester Journal, 11 July 1785, p. 2 & 2 August 1784, p. 1 <LINK>
  27. William Dowdeswell succeeded Sir William Codrington as MP in 1792 after his death; Robert Raikes, 1735-1811 was a Gloucester pioneer of the  Sunday Schools Movement
  28. ‘The history of the Society’, Royal Humane Society,  see website.
  29. Aris’s Birmingham Gazette, 26 February 1787, p. 3, <LINK>
  30.  Kentish Gazette, 26 August 1788, p. 3, <LINK>, and ‘Princess Royal (East Indiaman), <LINK>
  31. Kentish Gazette, 26 August 1788, p. 3, above <LINK>, and ‘Slavery’, St Helena Island Info ,<LINK>
  32. above. Barbados Mercury, 25 October 1788, p. 3, <LINK>
  33. Gloucester Journal 30 January 1792, p. 2, <LINK> and ‘esquire’ definition:
  34. Gloucester Journal, 30 January 1792, p. 2, & 28 January 1793, p. 2, <LINK>
  35. Star (London) 29 August 1803, p. 4, <LINK>
  36. Sun (London), 13 February 1806, p. 1, <LINK>.
  37. See History of The Ham via THS Woodard Documents -   “then to make their way over the broad meadow-without any road-to the Bridge at the Quay.  The Key Bridge, as it is spelt in the Corporation books”
  38. Gloucester Journal, 21 September 1807, p. 2, <LINK>.
  39. Gloucester Journal, 5 October 1807, p. 3, <LINK>
  40. ‘Rachel Warner (née Pare)’, UCL, Centre for the Study of the Legacies of British Slavery, <LINK>, PROB 11/1435/82
  41. Barbados Mercury, 20 September 1793, p. 4, <LINK>
  42. ‘Thomas Porter I’, UCL, Centre for the Study of the Legacies of British Slavery, <LINK> PROB 11/1575/127. For detailed research see www.tewkesburyhistory.org/
  43. Worcester Journal, 19 May 1808, p. 3 & 14 September 1809, p. 3, <LINK> [and 121 – Hereford Journal, 16 October 1816, p. 3, <LINK>.
  44. Hereford Journal, 15 July 1818, p. 3, & as above 398/18180715/019/0003>. The Severn Bridge was eventually built in 1823 as the present Mythe Bridge
  45. Cheltenham Chronicle, 15 October 1818, p. 2, <LINK>
  46. Worcester Journal, 5 November 1818, p. 3, <LINK>
  47. Worcester Journal, 20 April 1820, p. 2 <LINK>
  48. Worcester Journal, 8 May 1823, p. 2 <LINK>  The Editor believes it was Hereford House. 77 High Street
  49. Hereford Journal, 3 September 1823, p. 3, <LINK>
  50. Barbadian, 21 August 1827, <LINK>
  51. Barbados Mercury, 4 February 1812, p. 1, <LINK>
  52. Barbados Mercury, 4 April 1835, p. 1, <LINK>]. This list of slave and plantation owners was also carried in this edition of the Mercury, Barbados Mercury, 28 March 1835, p. 2, <LINK>.
  53. Barbados Mercury, 4 April 1835, p. 1, <LINK>. This list of slave and plantation owners was also carried in this edition of the Mercury, Barbados Mercury, 28 March 1835, p. 2,  <LINK>.Slavery Abolition Act, Brittanica, <LINK>.
  54. His family had lived on the island for many years.  His father another Henry [1726-1788] died in Bridgetown, after working as a Searcher in Customs. His mother died there aged 90/’96 died there in  1825 and born 1735
  55. Barbados Mercury, 4 April 1835, p. 1, <LINK>. This list of slave and plantation owners was also carried in this edition of the Mercury, Barbados Mercury, 28 March 1835, p. 2, <LINK>.
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